Contraception

Contraception is any method, medicine, or device used to prevent pregnancy. There are many types of contraception to choose from. Most fall into one of four categories, ordered here from most to least effective at preventing pregnancy:

• Female and male sterilization – surgery or a medical procedure, such as female tubal ligation or male vasectomy, that prevents pregnancy for the rest of the individual’s life.
• Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) – Devices such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) or hormonal implants are inserted by a clinician. They last three to ten years depending on the type; these methods mitigate the need for daily action to prevent pregnancy.
• Short-acting hormonal methods – Medication prescribed by doctors or available over-the-counter, that must be taken every day (pills, mini-pills), or once a week (patch), or once a month (vaginal ring). A hormonal shot is also available and is given by a clinician once every three months.
• Barrier methods – Birth control you use each time you have sex to prevent sperm from reaching an egg. Includes condoms, diaphragms, sponges, and cervical caps.

Contraceptive methods generally work in one of two ways, either they prevent sperm from getting to an egg, or they prevent ovaries from releasing eggs. Some methods, like the hormonal IUD, also make implantation of the egg in the uterus unlikely1. Individuals should explore their options and speak with a provider to find contraception that best meets their needs and priorities.